Collection接口，包含list、Queue和set子接口 （Queue接口不常用）
list是有序的，set是无序的
Collection和Map接口之间的主要区别在于：Collection中存储了一组对象，而Map存储关键字/值对。
在Map对象中，每一个关键字最多有一个关联的值。
Map:不能包括两个相同的键，一个键最多能绑定一个值。null可以作为键，这样的键只有一个；可以有一个或多个键所对应的
以下为测试代码，包括Compara...接口中排序的使用
Course类
package cn.form1;
public class Course {
public String id;
public String name;
public Course(){}
public Course(String id,String name){
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
}
//重写方法会自动添加 需适当修改
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (!(obj instanceof Course))
return false;
Course other = (Course) obj;
if (name == null) {
if (other.name != null)
return false;
} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
return false;
return true;
}
}Student类
package cn.form1;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;
public class Student implements Comparable<Student> {
public String id;
public String name;
public Set<Course> course;
public Student(String id,String name){
this.id = id;
this.name = name;
this.course = new HashSet<Course>();
}
//重写方法会自动添加 需适当修改
@Override
public int hashCode() {
final int prime = 31;
int result = 1;
result = prime result + ((name == null) ? 0 : name.hashCode());
return result;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (this == obj)
return true;
if (obj == null)
return false;
if (!(obj instanceof Student))
return false;
Student other = (Student) obj;
if (name == null) {
if (other.name != null)
return false;
} else if (!name.equals(other.name))
return false;
return true;
}
@Override
public int compareTo(Student o) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
return this.id.compareTo(o.id);
}
}ListTest类，测试List
package cn.form1;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Scanner;
public class ListTest {
public List<Course> courseToSelect;
private Scanner sc;
public ListTest(){
this.courseToSelect = new ArrayList<Course>();
}
//list添加
public void listAdd(){
Course cr1 = new Course("1", "php课程");
this.courseToSelect.add(cr1);//cr1会以object对象类型加入
Course course = (Course)this.courseToSelect.get(0);//调用list中第一个对象，需要强转类型
System.out.println("加入了课程：" + course.id + " - " + course.name );
Course cr2 = new Course("2", "孟浩");
this.courseToSelect.add(0,cr2);//add方法指定位置插入
Course course2 = (Course)this.courseToSelect.get(0);
System.out.println("加入了课程：" + course2.id + " - " + course2.name);
//注：下标不能越界，否则会报下标溢出异常
Course[] temp1 = {new Course("3", "许清"),new Course("4", "王有财")};
this.courseToSelect.addAll(Arrays.asList(temp1));//addAll 批量添加
Course course3 = (Course)this.courseToSelect.get(2);
System.out.println("加入了课程：" + course3.id + " - " + course3.name);
Course[] temp2 = {new Course("5", "李富贵"),new Course("6", "楚语嫣")};
this.courseToSelect.addAll(2,Arrays.asList(temp2));//addAll 指定位置批量添加
Course course4 = (Course)this.courseToSelect.get(2);
System.out.println("加入了课程：" + course4.id + " - " + course4.name);
this.courseToSelect.add(3,cr1);//cr1会以object对象类型加入
Course course0 = (Course)this.courseToSelect.get(0);//调用list中第一个对象，需要强转类型
System.out.println("加入了课程：" + course0.id + " - " + course0.name );
System.out.println(this.courseToSelect.size());
}
//list打印
public void testGet(){
int size = this.courseToSelect.size();
System.out.println("FOR打印===================：");
for(int i = 0; i < size; i++){
Course cr = (Course)this.courseToSelect.get(i);
System.out.println(cr.id +" : " + cr.name);
}
System.out.println("FOR EACH打印===================：");
for(Course cr1 : this.courseToSelect){
System.out.println(cr1.id +" : " + cr1.name);
}
this.courseToSelect.set(4, new Course("9","呼延老祖"));//修改
System.out.println("FOR EACH打印===================：");
for(Course cr1 : this.courseToSelect){
System.out.println(cr1.id +" : " + cr1.name);
}
this.courseToSelect.remove(4);//所引删
System.out.println("FOR EACH打印===================：");
for(Course cr1 : this.courseToSelect){
System.out.println(cr1.id +" : " + cr1.name);
}
Course[] reall = {(Course)this.courseToSelect.get(4),(Course)this.courseToSelect.get(5)};
this.courseToSelect.removeAll(Arrays.asList(reall));//批量删
System.out.println("FOR EACH打印===================：");
for(Course obj : this.courseToSelect){
System.out.println(obj.id +" : " + obj.name);
}
}
//set用法 set 不可重复 并且 无序，，其它方法和list使用相似
public void students(){
Student stu = new Student("1", "陈凡");
System.out.println("欢迎"+stu.name+"选课");
sc = new Scanner(System.in);
for(int i = 0; i < 3; i++){
System.out.println("请输入选择的课程ID号：");
String sid = sc.next();
for(Course cr1 : this.courseToSelect){
if(cr1.id.equals(sid)){//如果课程ID存在
stu.course.add(cr1);//加入到学生课程集合中
}
}
}
System.out.println("共选择了"+stu.course.size()+"个课程");
for(Course cr2 : stu.course){
System.out.println(cr2.id+" - "+cr2.name);
}
Course course = new Course("2", "孟浩");
boolean isnull = stu.course.contains(course);//set.contains方法，需要重写hashCode
System.out.println(isnull);//无序所以无索引
}
//list.contains用法，需要重写equals
public void contains(){
Course course = new Course("1", "php课程");//判断 课程集合中是否包含 某个课程，，需要先把该课程组装为对像
boolean isnull = this.courseToSelect.contains(course);//list.contains用法，需要重写equals
System.out.println(isnull+" - 索引 ："+ this.courseToSelect.indexOf(course));
//indexOf 存于集合中对应对象的索引位置
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ListTest lt = new ListTest();
lt.listAdd();
//lt.testGet();
//lt.students();
lt.contains();
}
}TestMap类，测试map
package cn.form1;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.util.Set;
public class TestMap {
public Map<String,Student>students;
private Scanner san;
public TestMap(){
this.students = new HashMap<String,Student>();
}
public void Mapstudent(){
san = new Scanner(System.in);
int i = 0;
while(i < 3){
System.out.println("请输入学生ID号");
String ID = san.next();//添加到map中的 key
Student st = this.students.get(ID);
if(st == null){
System.out.println("请输入学生的姓名：");
String sname = san.next();
Student student = new Student(ID, sname);//添加到map中的value
this.students.put(ID, student);//put添加到map集合中
System.out.println("已添加学生："+ sname);
}else{
System.out.println("该学生已存在");
continue;
}
i++;
}
}
//entrySet的方式打印map
public void entrySet(){
Set<Entry<String, Student>> entry = this.students.entrySet();
for(Entry<String, Student> entr : entry){
System.out.println("key : " + entr.getKey());
System.out.println("valu： " + entr.getValue().name);
}
}
//使用 keySet 方式，打印map集合数据
public void keySet(){
System.out.println("---------打印所有学生----------");
Set<String> key = this.students.keySet();
for(String ky : key){
Student st = this.students.get(ky);//get调用map中的key获取value
System.out.println("学生ID:"+ st.id + "--学生姓名:"+st.name);
}
}
//删除对应key的value
public void reMove(){
san = new Scanner(System.in);
while(true){
System.out.println("请输入要删除的学生ID：");
String ID = san.next();
Student stu = this.students.get(ID);
if(stu == null){
System.out.println("学生ID不存在...");
continue;
}else{
this.students.remove(ID);//删除对应key的对象
System.out.println("成功删除学生："+stu.name);
break;
}
}
}
//修改对应key的对象
public void modify(){
san = new Scanner(System.in);
while(true){
System.out.println("请输入要修改的学生ID：");
String ID = san.next();
Student stu = this.students.get(ID);
if(stu == null){
System.out.println("学生ID不存在...");
continue;
}else{
System.out.println("即将要修改的学生是："+stu.name);
System.out.println("输入新的学生名称");
String name = san.next();
Student stu2 = new Student(ID, name);
this.students.put(ID, stu2);//修改
break;
}
}
}
//map中containskey 与 containsvalue用法
public void containskey_value(){
String ID = "2";
boolean iskey = this.students.containsKey(ID);
System.out.println("containskey----------判断key是否存在");
if(iskey){//如果判断 map中 key 存在，输出 该key对应对像中学生的姓名
System.out.println("学生姓名："+ this.students.get(ID).name +" - "+ iskey);
}
String Name = "小红";
Student student = new Student(null, Name);
boolean isvalue = this.students.containsValue(student);//判断map.containsValue 需要重写equals方法
System.out.println("containsvalue----------判断value是否存在");
if(isvalue){
System.out.println("学生存在于Map集合中" +" - "+isvalue);
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestMap testmap = new TestMap();
testmap.Mapstudent();
testmap.keySet();
testmap.reMove();
testmap.entrySet();
testmap.modify();
testmap.entrySet();
testmap.containskey_value();
}
}CollectionTest类，测试排序
package cn.form1;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Random;
public class CollectionTest {
//对int的包装类integer排序
//创建一个 10 个随机数的 list 对其进行排序
public void integerSort(){
List<Integer> integerList = new ArrayList<Integer>();
Random random = new Random();//产生随机数的类
Integer k = new Integer(0);//实例化一个int的包装类
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
do{//保证随机数唯一的方法
k = random.nextInt(100);
}while(integerList.contains(k));//如果k已存在于 integerList 会重新随机
integerList.add(k);//添加到 integerList 中
System.out.println("成功添加整数："+k);
}
System.out.println("---------排序前--------");
for(Integer vo : integerList){
System.out.println(vo);
}
System.out.println("---------排序后--------");
Collections.sort(integerList);//是 Collections 工具类的 sort 排序方法
for(Integer vo : integerList){
System.out.println(vo);
}
}
//对String的包装类String排序
//创建一个 10 个随机字符串的 list 对其进行排序
public void stringSort(){
List<String> stringList = new ArrayList<String>();
Random random = new Random();
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++){
String str = this.getRandomString(random.nextInt(10));//随机生成 0-10长度的字符串
System.out.println("成功添加字符串："+ str);
stringList.add(str);
}
System.out.println("---------排序前--------");
for(String str : stringList){
System.out.println(str);
}
System.out.println("---------排序后--------");
Collections.sort(stringList);//是 Collections 工具类的 sort 排序方法
for(String str : stringList){
System.out.println(str);
}
}
//对学生类 Student 进行排序，需要学生类 实现 Comparable 接口中的compareTo方法
public void studentSort(){
List<Student> student = new ArrayList<Student>();
Random random = new Random();
student.add(new Student(random.nextInt(1000)+"", "丹鬼大师"));
student.add(new Student(random.nextInt(1000)+"", "金寒宗老祖"));
student.add(new Student(random.nextInt(1000)+"", "帝宗老祖"));
//注：数值排序 要用 int类型，否则 1000 会 排在 2的上面
System.out.println("---------默认以ID排序后--------");
Collections.sort(student);
//Collections.sort 排序 学生类 实现 Comparable 接口中的CompareTo方法
for(Student stu : student){
System.out.println(stu.id+" - "+stu.name);
}
System.out.println("---------临时以name排序后--------");
Collections.sort(student,new StudentComparator());//StudentComparator 为临时排序规则
for(Student stu : student){
System.out.println(stu.id+" - "+stu.name);
}
}
//随机生成字符串
public String getRandomString(int length) { //length表示生成字符串的长度
String base = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789";
Random random = new Random();
if (length <= 1) length = 3;
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();//初始化可变字符串
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
int number = random.nextInt(base.length());//得到一个随机位置
sb.append(base.charAt(number));//charAt 获取字符中指定位置的 字符
}
return sb.toString();//转为String返回
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
CollectionTest cot = new CollectionTest();
cot.integerSort();
cot.stringSort();
cot.studentSort();
}
}StudentComparator类，测试临时排序规则
package cn.form1;
import java.util.Comparator;
//临时排序规则接口
public class StudentComparator implements Comparator<Student> {
@Override
public int compare(Student o1, Student o2) {
// 对 Student 的 name 进行排序
return o1.name.compareTo(o2.name);
}
}